· 6 min read
Two-Bath Fixing for Prints: Complete Fixation and Tracking Fixer Capacity
How a single fixer bath exhausts into silver-laden complexes, why two-bath fixing ensures complete fixation, and how to track capacity for permanence.
All our articles about archival
· 7 min read
Archival Washing of Fibre Prints and Residual Hypo Testing
How fixer is removed from a fibre paper base, the role of a hypo clearing agent, water-economical wash sequences, and tests for residual silver and hypo.
· 6 min read
Gold Toning: Cool Blue Image Colour and Archival Permanence
How gold chloride deposits metallic gold over silver to cool a print toward blue, improve permanence, and produce red-chalk tones after sepia.
· 7 min read
Selenium Toning for Archival Permanence and Tonal Shift
How selenium converts image silver to stable silver selenide, what dilution and time control colour shift, and the effect on maximum black and Dmax.
· 6 min read
Fixer Exhaustion and the Clearing-Time Test
Why thiosulfate fixer wears out, how retained silver complexes stain a negative, and the film-clip clearing test that flags a spent bath.